Additional Topics
Below are several topics that we have identified as important to highlight within the field of implementation science and research, along with a selection of resources for more information in each topic.
Barriers & Facilitators
This toolkit includes a decision tree to help you identify which approach to barrier and facilitator measurement may be most relevant to your research, in-depth reviews of multiple-and single-factor measurement tools, and examples of barriers and facilitators that have been identified in various service settings and clinical contexts.
The Center for Implementation published an article named "5 practical tips for mapping barriers and facilitators to an implementation framework" to grow awareness and understanding of the importance of collecting barriers and facilitators data and mapping it to an implementation framework.
Relevant Publications and Articles:
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Légaré, F., & Zhang, P. (2013). Barriers and facilitators: Strategies for identification and measurement. In S. E. Straus, J. Tetroe, & I. D. Graham (Eds.), Knowledge translation in health care (2nd ed., pp. 121–136). Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
Adaptation & Fidelity
This website introduces adaptability and fidelity in implementation science and offers readings as well as questions to guide study planning.
This website houses training series for Implementation Science. One section covers adaptation and fidelity by providing relevant content and fidelity trajectories.
Relevant Publications and Articles:
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Allen, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Emmons, K. M., & Linnan, L. A. (2018). Fidelity and its relationship to implementation effectiveness, adaptation, and dissemination. In R. Brownson, G. Colditz, & E. Proctor (Eds.), Dissemination and implementation research in health (2nd ed.; pp. 267-284). New York: Oxford University Press.
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Baumann, A. A., Cabassa, L. J., & Wiltsey Stirman, S. (2018). Adaptation in dissemination and implementation science. In R. Brownson, G. Colditz, & E. Proctor (Eds.), Dissemination and implementation research in health (2nd ed.; pp. 285-300). New York: Oxford University Press.
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AcademyHealth 2021 blog post, “Implementation Science: Embracing Adaptations to Complex Interventions for Better Outcomes”
Equity
This resource discusses how to bring a health equity lens to implementation science frameworks, describes useful frameworks, and how to integrate health equity with implementation science.
The D&I webtool was developed as a collaborative effort of colleagues from the ACCORDS Dissemination and Implementation Science Program at the University of Colorado, Denver, the Dissemination and Implementation Research Core (DIRC) at the Washington University Institute for Clinical and Translational Science and the Dissemination and Implementation Science Center (DISC) at UC San Diego. The webtool we are developing as part of the ISC3 covers a broader range of topics beyond theories, models and frameworks and was designed to complement the D&I webtool.
This site has several articles about integrating Health Equity into Implementation Science such as "Equity in Implementation Science Is Long Overdue" and "Equity Is Fundamental to Implementation Science"
This toolkit provides a comprehensive resource to help implementation scientists get started with health equity-focused implementation research. The toolkit assumes that the user has basic knowledge of foundational concepts and constructs in implementation science and is looking for guidance or suggestions regarding what to know, what to consider, and how to start implementation research projects that integrate a health equity lens.
Recorded lecture on “Exploring Health Equity in Implementation Science
Relevant Publications and Articles:
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Baumann, A.A., Cabassa, L.J. Reframing implementation science to address inequities in healthcare delivery. BMC Health Serv Res 20, 190 (2020).
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Chinman M, Woodward EN, Curran GM, Hausmann LRM. Harnessing Implementation Science to Increase the Impact of Health Equity Research. Med Care. 2017;55 Suppl 9 Suppl 2(Suppl 9 2):S16-S23. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000769
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Eslava-Schmalbach, J., Garzón-Orjuela, N., Elias, V. et al. Conceptual framework of equity-focused implementation research for health programs (EquIR). Int J Equity Health 18, 80 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-0984-4
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McNulty, M., Smith, J. D., Villamar, J., Burnett-Zeigler, I., Vermeer, W., Benbow, N., Gallo, C., Wilensky, U., Hjorth, A., Mustanski, B., Schneider, J., & Brown, C. H. (2019). Implementation Research Methodologies for Achieving Scientific Equity and Health Equity. Ethnicity & disease, 29(Suppl 1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.S1.83
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AcademyHealth 2019 blog post, “5 recommendations for how implementation science can better advance equity”
Sustainability
This resource describes financial and programmatic sustainability planning and activities for each stage of implementation science planning.
This website houses training series for Implementation Science. One section covers sustainability by providing information on effective stakeholder engagement
Relevant Publications and Articles:
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Chambers DA, Glasgow RE, Stange KC. 2013. The dynamic sustainability framework: addressing the paradox of sustainment amid ongoing change. Implementation Science; 8: 117-127Nielsen, M. E. & Birken, S. A. (2018).
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Shelton RC, Cooper, B. R., & Stirman, S. W. (2018). The Sustainability of Evidence-Based Interventions and Practices in Public Health and Health Care. Annual Reviews of Public Health, 39(1), 55-76.
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Schell, S.F., Luke, D.A., & Schooley, M.W. (2013). Public health program capacity for sustainability: A new framework. Implementation Science, 8, 15-30.
De-implementation
Recorded lecture on “De-Implementation: The Complexities of Overuse, Overdiagnosis, & De-Adoption:”
Relevant Publications and Articles:
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Norton, W.E., Chambers, D.A. Unpacking the complexities of de-implementing inappropriate health interventions. Implementation Sci 15, 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-019-0960-9
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Walsh-Bailey, C., Tsai, E., Tabak, R.G. et al. A scoping review of de-implementation frameworks and models. Implementation Sci 16, 100 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-021-01173-5
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National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices De-Implementation Checklist
Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Designs
Recorded lecture on “Hybrid Designs” Combining Elements of Clinical Effectiveness and Implementation Research
Recorded lecture on "Effectiveness or Implementation - Why not both? A Hybrid Designs Webinar."
Relevant Publications and Articles:
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Geoffrey M. Curran, PhD*, Mark Bauer, MD†, Brian Mittman, PhD‡, Jeffrey M. Pyne, MD, and Cheryl Stetler, PhD‡ (2012). Effectiveness-implementation Hybrid Designs: Combining Elements of Clinical Effectiveness and Implementation Research to Enhance Public Health Impact. Med Care . 2012 March ; 50(3): 217–226.
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Landes SJ, McBain SA, Curran GM. Reprint of: An introduction to effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Jan;283:112630. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112630. Epub 2019 Nov 10. PMID: 31722790.
Cost Effectiveness
This tool was created by UC San Diego DISC and the ACCORDS D&I Program to compile resources, tools, and studies about cost/cost effectiveness research in implementation science.
Relevant Publications and Articles:
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Costing Annotated Bibliography of Key Economic Analysis Resources Especially Relevant for Implementation Science